Tuscany(Romeo Vargas)

Tuscany is a fan character/OC in Hetalia:Axis Powers and Hetalia:World Stars. He represents a region in Central italy. His name is Romeo Vargas.

Appearance
He has got brown hair. The erogenous zone (curl) is located at the bottom of the head.

He has got green eyes. Type of eyes:not bup.

Outfits
He wears white shirt and black trousers. He puts on brown shoes.

Perconality and interests
he barely shows his smile. Because he has got a bad smile.

He is sad guy.

Stone Age
The earliest evidence of human presence in what is now Tuscany dates back to the Lower Paleolithicperiod. The oldest living person here is Homo Heidelbergensis, whose stone tools were discovered by archaeologists in large numbers in the Valle dell'Arno and the coastal area of Livorno. Traces of its presence have also been found in Versilia, Garfagnana, and Lunigiana.

During the Middle Paleolithic, the territory of Tuscany was inhabited by representatives of the species Homo neanderthalensis. Stone chips belonging to them were found in Mugello on Monte Cetona in the province of Siena, in the Apuan Alps, in Livorno, in the Serchio Valley and in the lower course of the Arno. A well-preserved Neanderthal skull was discovered in 1939 in the Gvaratti Cave near Cape Circeo.

Early evidence of Homo sapiensdating back to the Upper Paleolithicperiod has been found near Laterina, Montelupo, and on Monte Longo, near Arezzo. The sites of Grotta La Fabbrica (Arezzo), San Romano (Pisa), Salviano and Marocone (Livorno) belong to the Uluzzian culture.The Upper Paleolithic period also includes those found in Ripario di Vado all'Arancio in the province of Grosseto in southern Tuscany, remains of a twenty-year-old man and a two-year-old boy.

In the sixth millennium BC, the so-called cardiac ceramics culture appeared in Tuscany, which marked the beginning of the Neolithic era. At this time, local communities were actively trading with communities on the islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Tuscan Archipelago, Corsica, Sardinia). Then the culture of linear ceramics became widespread in Tuscany.

In the Eneolithicperiod, between the third and second millennia BC, a culture called the Rinaldonian culture appeared in Tuscany and northern Lazio, which later incorporated elements of the bell-shaped cup culture. Stelae-statues from Lunigiana also belong to this period.

Bronze Age
During the Bronze Age (1200-1000 BC), the Apennine culture spread to the territory of Tuscany, which appeared here together with the Italian tribes and had much in common with the culture of the burial urn fields in central Europe.

Villanova Culture
With the beginning of the Iron Age, between the 10th and 8th centuries BC, the Villanova culture emerged in Tuscany, taking its name from the village of Villanova, in the commune of Castonaso, near which archaeologists have discovered spears, swords, combs and jewelry from that period. The discovered artifacts indicate progress in the field of mining and processing of metals, which are especially rich in the mineral resources of the region.

The Etruscans
The earliest evidence of the presence of an Etruscan tribe in all of central Italy dates back to the eighth century BC, after which the entire area was named Etruria, then Tuscia under the ancient Romans, and finally Tuscania and Tuscany.

The origin of the Etruscans is still a mystery to historians. When deciphering the preserved records (there are about 13,000 of them), scientists face a problem of understanding. The inscriptions mainly relate to the religious sphere or funerary ritual. There is an assumption that the Etruscans are natives of Lydia in Asia Minor. According to another version, they are aborigines. Jewelry, weapons and household items from Sardinia were found in the oldest Etruscan tombs. These findings suggest that a more advanced civilization than the Etruscans colonized the Tuscan coast and established important settlements in the first millennium BC to further advance into Campania. Around the sixth century BC, the Etruscans reached the peak of their development, spreading from the Padanian Plain to Campania. They built roads, among which Vie Cave is well preserved, between Sovana, Pitigliano and Sorano, drained the swamps, and built large cities in Tuscany and Lazio: Arezzo, Chiusi, Volterra, Populonia, Vetulonia, Roselle, Vulci, Tarquinia, Veio and Volsinium.

The high level of Etruscan civilization is evidenced by exceptional archaeological finds found over a vast territory, primarily in tombs of all types and sizes-necropolises (cities of the dead). It is also known about the equality of men and women among the Etruscans.[source not specified 1351 days]

In addition to the Etruscans, the north of Tuscany was inhabited by tribes from the Ligurian group (Apuans, Mageles, Casuentines, Phryniates, Ilvats), from which only a few inscriptions and archaeological sites have survived. It is believed that Tuscany before the arrival of the Etruscans was inhabited by the Umbri, ancient tribes of Indo-European origin. The Etruscans drove out the Umbrians and, according to Pliny the Elder, captured 300 of their cities, forcing the defeated to move to the eastern bank of the Tiber.

Ancient Romans
In the third century BC, the Etruscans were defeated by the ancient Romans, and after an initial period of prosperity associated with the development of crafts, iron mining and processing, and trade, a crisis occurred in the region that affected the economic, cultural and social spheres. In 180 BC, the ancient Romans deported 47,000 Apuans from Tuscany to the area between Benevento and Campobasso. They settled in the cities founded by the Etruscans, and also founded new ones, such as Florence and Cosa. In the city of Cosa, the walls, forum, acropolis and capitol, originally built as a temple of Jupiter, are well preserved. This city minted its own coin.

Tuscan Stamp
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the region was heavily depopulated. Tuscany was ruled alternately by the Ostrogoths and Byzantines, until it was conquered by the Lombards in 569, who founded the duchy of Lucca here.

After the fall of the Lombards from the Franks under Charlemagne, the duchy became a county and later a marquisate of Lucca. In the 11th century, the Marquisate passed into the possession of the Attoni family, influential feudal lords from Canossa, who also owned Modena, Reggio Emilia and Mantua. From this family came the famous Countess Mathilde of Canos, whose castle was the meeting place of Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV. At this time, fortresses and abbeys were being actively built on the territory of Tuscany. This is how the castles of Monteriggioni, Broglio, Lucignano, Poppi, Castello di Oliveto near Castelfiorentino, Radicofani, Trequanda, Volterra, Castello Malaspina in Massa, Fosdinovo, Gargonza, Vicopisano, Lari, Monsummano, Montevettolini, Castello di Bibbione near San Casciano in Val di Pesa, Castello di Nipozzano, Bucine, Montalcino, Piancastagno, as well as numerous castles in the province of Grosseto.

Free Communes
In the 11th century, Pisa became the most powerful and important city in Tuscany, after a series of victories over the Muslim Arabs, including the liberation of Palermo and Reggio Calabria and the conquest of the Balearic Islands. The territory of the maritime republic covered the entire coast of Tuscany, the islands of the Tuscan archipelago, Sardinia and Corsica. In the south of Tuscany, the Aldobrandeschi family, originally from Lombardy, ruled. They controlled the southern part of the modern provinces of Livorno and Siena, as well as the entire province of Grosseto up to the border with Lazio, often entering into territorial conflicts with the Popes. Later, the Siena Republic emerged on this territory, fighting with the Florentine Republic for influence in the region.

In the 12th century, Lucca became the first city in Italy to declare itself a free commune. Thus emerged the first form of representative democracy and associations of artists and craftsmen, which made Tuscany a unique example of cultural, social and economic autonomy.

In the first decades of the 13th century, the first universities appeared in Tuscany. In 1215, the University of Arezzo was founded, and in 1240 the University of Siena was founded, which is still active today.

The Medici Era
If in the XIV century Tuscany was glorified by two of its great natives, Dante and Giotto, then in the XV century a whole galaxy of outstanding artists worked here, whose works marked the beginning of the period that went down in history under the name of the Renaissance, or Renaissance. In the 12th century Tuscany gained political autonomy. It was fragmented into many states, the most important of which were the Florentine and Siena Republics. The development of trade in Florence turned the city into an important financial center of European importance, with dynasties of bankers such as the Bardi, Peruzzi, and Medici, who throughout the Middle Ages lent money to European sovereigns to finance their wars. Since the 14th century, the Republic of Florence has pursued an expansionist policy aimed at uniting Tuscany under the rule of Florence, encountering serious resistance only from the Republic of Siena. In the 15th century, the Medici family came to power in the city, becoming the most important family in Florence. Representatives of this family were active in the institutions of the republic from the middle of the XV century, starting with Cosimo the Elder. Despite opposition from other families sitting in the Palazzo Vecchio, he managed to gain almost complete control of the republican authorities, consolidating the family's position in such a way that after his death, the reins of government passed to his son Piero de ' Medici. The period between the death of Cosimo the Elder and his grandson Lorenzo the Magnificent is the period of Florence's transformation into an important cultural and political center of 15th-century Italy. Since the reign of Lorenzo the Magnificent, power has been in the hands of the Medici family, with the exception of two republican periods from 1498 to 1502 and from 1512 to 1530. His grandson, Cosimo de ' Medici, who came from a minor branch of the family, received the title of first Duke of Tuscany, and in 1569 the title of Grand Duke of Tuscany under the name Cosimo I. At this time, the entire territory of Tuscany, except for the Republic of Lucca, the Principality of Piombino, and the territories of Orbetello and Monte Argentario, located in the state of the Presidency, was under the rule of the Florentine Republic, after the fall of the Siena Republic in 1555. The Medici family ruled Tuscany until 1737. Gian Gastone, the last grand Duke of Tuscany from the Medici family, had no heirs. The last member of the Medici family, Anna Maria Luisa, Electress Palatine, donated to Florence all the art treasures collected by the Medici family, which formed the basis of the Uffizi Gallery.

Habsburg rule
After the death of Grand Duke Gian Gaston de ' Medici, the throne of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany passed to Duke Francois Etienne of Lorraine, consort of Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria. He passed the throne to his son, Peter Leopold of Habsburg, who initiated the Habsburg-Tuscan dynasty. At the beginning of his reign, the Grand Duke imposed a moratorium on the death penalty in Tuscany, which lasted for 4 years, until 1790, when the death penalty was restored. The day of the abolition of the death penalty, November 30, 1786, is now celebrated annually as the Day of Tuscany. Habsburg rule In Tuscany, it was interrupted during the occupation of Italy by Napoleon's army. In 1814, the Grand Duchy was restored. Pietro Leopoldo's son, Ferdinando III, ascended the throne. His son, Leopoldo II, the last Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruled until Tuscany became part of the united Kingdom of Italy.

During their rule, the Habsburg rulers carried out a number of reforms, in particular, the judicial system, built the first railway in Tuscany, implemented a project to rationalize the territory with the creation of land and land reclamation in Maremma. The Habsburg-Tuscan regime was authoritarian, but not reactionary. The last Grand Duke granted his subjects a constitution. After the suppression of the revolution of 1848-1849 with the support of the Austrian army, the dynasty's popularity declined. In 1859, when the people of Tuscany decided to join a united Italy, the Grand Duke was expelled from Florence.

Risorgimento
During the Napoleonic Wars and the first Risorgimento period, Italian patriots found political asylum in Tuscany. The entry of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was the result of a bloodless revolution and a plebisciteheld on March 15, 1860 by the Provisional Government of Tuscany. He issued a decree on the annexation of Tuscany, first to the Kingdom of Sardinia, and then to the united Kingdom of Italy. From the very beginning, federalist sentiments were strong in Tuscany.

Before moving the capital to Rome in 1870, Florence was the seat of the country's government for five years. The city became the cultural and political center of the kingdom. This fact, together with the peace agreements between Prussia, Austria and Italy, which resulted in the recognition of the unity of the country, weakened the position of the federalist party, and it broke up into different political groups.

Since that time, the history of Tuscany has been linked to the history of the Italian state.

Villanova
Villanova may have been the genetic father of Tuscany.

Italian brothers
North Italy: Sometimes Vasya can annoy him.

South Italy: Perhaps they can understand each other.

Trivia

 * 1) From Roman, from Latin and from Japanese, Romeo means Roman.
 * 2) November 30th is Tuscany's day, so I passed it off as his date of birth.