Gansu

Gansu is fan character/OC.She represents Chinease region. Her human name is Wang Fang.

Appearance
Gansu has got short straight black hair.Her hair is about shoulder length.She has got light yellow eyes like as amber.

She wears grey sweater and black skirt. There are black tights under the black skirt. She puts on black shoes.

Perconality
Gansu is observant and inquisitive. Kind person. Eye type: cutie.

Prehistoric times
According to paleoproteomics, an inhabitant of the Baishiya Karst Cave, located in Xiahe County, who lived 160,000 years ago, was close to the Denisovan man.

In the Neolithic era, the Majiayao culture was formed here.

In the Bronze Age (2nd millennium BC), tribes lived on the territory of Gansu, whose artifacts are similar to those of the Karasuk and Andronovo cultures. Their descendants were known to Chinese chroniclers as di. These di survived into the Middle Ages and participated in the creation of the Later Liang.

The (possibly related di) Caucasoid nomads of the Usuns, as well as the Yuezhi (known in the West as the Tochars), who were still in the 2nd century BC, are also considered to be the ancient population of Gansu. e.  expelled the Huns to Central Asia.

The era of the first centralized empires
During the Spring and Autumn period, the western part of modern Hansu was inhabited by the "Western Zhongs", and the eastern part was part of the Qin kingdom. Already in 688 BC. e.  The kingdom of Qin, on the lands conquered from nomadic peoples (on the territory of the modern urban district of Tianshui), created one of the first counties in the history of China - Guixian (邽县) and Jixian (冀县). In 280 B.C. e.  Longxi (陇西郡) and Beidi (北地郡) counties were formed.

During the Han Empire, these lands were part of the province of Liangzhou. After Zhang Qian in the 2nd century BC. e.  visited Central Asia, and Huo Qubing defeated the tribes living here and forced them to submit to the Han Empire, these lands became the starting point of the Great Silk Road. Ordering Huo Qubing's conquests, Emperor Wu redistributed the lands in the province of Liangzhou: four districts were formed to the west of the Huang He, and five to the east.

In the 2nd century A.D. e.  There was an uprising in Liangzhou, which became one of the events that led to the collapse of the Han Empire.

Three Kingdoms, Jin Empire, the era of "barbarian states", the era of the Southern and Northern dynasties

After the collapse of the Han Empire, the territory of Liangzhou was controlled by Han Sui and Ma Teng. Cao Cao forced them to submit to him in 197, and these lands became part of the kingdom of Wei created by his descendants, which eventually reunited the country in the second half of the 3rd century, forming the Jin empire.

At the beginning of the 4th century, Jin was attacked by the Xiongnu tribes, who were able to take the capital of the country and seized the central lands of the empire. Zhang Gui, the Jin governor of Liangzhou, had the title of "Xiping Specific Gong" (西平郡公). His descendants continued to bear this title, and since the weakening Jin Empire lost almost all the lands north of the Yellow River, and the province of Liangzhou remained left to its own devices, Zhang Mao began to behave as a de facto independent ruler from 320. In 323, he had to recognize the suzerainty of the state of Early Zhao, and receive from him the title of Prince of Liang (凉王). This is how the state of Early Liang appeared, the capital of which was the city of Gutsang. In 376, Early Liang was conquered by the state of Early Qin.

In 382, ​​in response to the request of the rulers of the states of Shanshan and Cheshi, the Qin emperor sent Lu Guang at the head of an army of 100,000 infantry and 5,000 horsemen to the Western Territory to form a governorship there as during the Han Empire. The army left the Qin capital city of Chang'an in the spring of 383, and in 384 the Western Territory was already ready to fully officially recognize the authority of Early Qin, but at this time, Early Qin itself began to fall apart after being defeated in the Battle of the Fei River by the army of the Jin Empire. Lu Guang, meanwhile, was in the Kucha state he had conquered, where he met with Kumarajiva. After learning about what was happening in the empire, he decided to stay in Kucha, but Kumarajiva dissuaded him, saying that Kucha was an unfortunate place, and that he could find refuge further east. Following his orders, Lu Guang moved east in 385, taking with him all the booty he had received in the Western Territory. Liang Xi, the Qin governor of Liangzhou province, refused to let Lu Guang into the territory subject to him, but Lu Guang nevertheless entered Liangzhou with his troops, quickly took the capital Gutsang, and then set about subduing local petty rulers. In 386, upon learning of the death of the Qin emperor Fu Jian, Lu Guang changed the name of the era of his reign - this moment is considered the foundation of the state of Later Liang.

Meanwhile, on the ruins of Early Qin, Western Qin arose, with Xicheng as its capital. The later Liang began to fight with the Western Qin, but at that time the Southern Liang (in the territory of modern Qinghai province) and the Northern Liang (in the territory of the modern urban district of Zhangye) broke away from it in 397. In 400, Li Gao proclaimed the independent state of Western Liang in Dunhuang.

Under the blows from the Southern Liang and Northern Liang, the territory of the Later Liang by 403 was reduced, in fact, to the capital city, and Lü Long (the last ruler of the Later Liang) preferred to submit to the state of the Later Qin, which had defeated Western Qin shortly before. Southern Liang, Western Liang, and Northern Liang recognized themselves as vassals of the Later Qin. Under the influence of Kumarajiva, the late Qing emperor Yao Xing became a Buddhist, and Buddhism spread widely among his subjects. The influence of Buddhist ideas led to the fact that the empire stopped its expansion in order to avoid the death of people. However, after Yao Xing died in 416, the empire he had created fell apart.

The resurgent Western Qin captured Southern Liang in 414. In 423 Northern Liang captured Western Liang. In 431, Western Qin was conquered by the Xia state, but in the same year it itself fell under the blows of the Xianbei, and its lands passed to the Northern Wei empire. In 439, Northern Wei troops captured Northern Liang;  the last Severolian rulers fortified themselves in the Gaochang fortress and held out there until it was captured by the Rouran troops in 460. The unification of the northern Chinese lands under the rule of the Northern Wei led to the fact that from 456 the Great Silk Road began to function again. After the split of the empire in 534, these lands became part of the state of Western Wei. In 557, a military coup took place in Western Wei, and the state of Northern Zhou was formed, which was able to reunite China into a single state.

Sui and Tang Empires, Five Dynasties
After uniting China, Northern Zhou changed its name and became the Sui Empire. It was during this period that the toponym "Lanzhou" ("Lan area") first appeared: in 583, Jincheng County (金城郡), which had existed since 81 BC. e., was transformed into an area that was named after Mount Gaolan (皋兰山). In 607, Lanzhou again became Jincheng County, which included Jincheng and Didao counties. In 617, Xue Ju [en] rebelled against the Sui Empire and proclaimed the formation of the state of Western Qin, whose original capital was Jincheng. However, the Sui Empire was soon replaced by the Tang Empire, and in 619 the control of the central government was restored over these lands. Li Yuan, who sat on the throne of the new empire, was a distant descendant of the same Li Gao who proclaimed the state of Western Liang in 400, and therefore now, two centuries later, Li Gao was also posthumously declared emperor.

In connection with the need for strong control over the route to the Western Territory, the Ganzhou region was formed back in 554. In 602, the Suzhou region was separated from it. At the end of the 7th century, the Tang-Tibetan wars began, and these lands became a war zone for a long time.

In the era of the five dynasties, these lands became the arena for the struggle of short-lived state formations. Under the Later Liang Empire in 911, Ganzhou was conquered by the Uyghurs, who in 928 submitted to the Later Tang state.

Tangut state
At the end of the Tang era, the Tangut leader Toba Simi, for his help in suppressing the uprising, Huang Chao received in 886 the title of jiedushi of the Dingnan military region (定难军). He managed to stay away from the turbulent events of the era of the Five Dynasties and 10 Kingdoms, and after the unification of the country by the Song Empire, the next hereditary jiedushi Li Jipan in 982 recognized the supremacy of the new empire, but his younger brother Li Jiqian seized control of the Yinzhou region, and then recognized power  Sun then rebelled against her. In 1020, Li Jiqian's son Li Deming moved his capital from Lingzhou to Huaiyuan. In 1038, Li Jiqian's grandson Li Yuanhao proclaimed himself emperor of the state of Xi Xia.

The rulers of the Tangut state united the Ganzhou and Suzhou regions into a single military region, combining their names (甘肃军) - this is how the toponym "Gansu" appeared for the first time in history.

Yuan, Ming and Qing empires
In 1205-1227 Xi Xia was conquered by the Mongols. When Kublai founded the Yuan Empire, in 1260 the territory of the empire was divided into 10 zones, each of which was controlled by its own special administrative body called xing-zhongshusheng (行中書省, or 行省 for short).

On the territory of the former Western Xia, the Ningxia Xingzhongshusheng (宁夏行省) was formed, which controlled the lands of modern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the western part of modern Gansu Province, the northeastern part of modern Qinghai Province, the western part of modern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the northern part of  modern Shaanxi province. In 1287, it was renamed Gansu Xing Zhongshusheng (甘肃行省).

In 1260, the Qin-Shu Xing-zhongshusheng (秦蜀行省) was formed, the apparatus of which was located in Chang'an;  he ruled roughly over the territories of present-day Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, and Chongqing. Two years later, it was renamed Shaanxi-Sichuan Xing Zhongshusheng (陝西四川行中书省). In 1286, it was divided into Sichuan and Shenxi xing-zhongshusheng;  The Shaanxi xing-zhongshusheng ruled over the territory corresponding to the territories of modern Shaanxi province, the southern part of modern Gansu province and the northern part of modern Sichuan province;  four regions-lu, five directorates-fu, as well as a special Capital Region (the area around Chang'an) were subordinate to him.

After the rule of the Mongols was overthrown and the Chinese Ming Empire was formed, an official with the rank of buzhengshi (布政使) became an analogue of the head of Xing Zhongshusheng. The apparatus of the Shaanxi Buzhengshi of the Ming Empire handled the affairs that, under the Mongol Yuan Empire, were handled by the Shenxi and Gansu Xing Zhongshusheng, as well as the Office of Buddhist Affairs (which controlled all military and administrative affairs relating to the Tibetan Plateau). The zone in the region of the extreme western tip of the Great Wall was allocated to the Shazhou Guard (肃州卫).

After the Ming Empire was conquered by the Manchu Qing Empire, a gradual redistribution of powers between various positions began. If during the Ming Empire, officials with the rank of xunfu (巡撫) were imperial emissaries sent to certain areas for any reason, then under the Qing empire, permanent posts of Gansu xunfu and Ningxia xunfu were established. In 1663, the apparatus of the Shenxi Buzhengshi was divided into two: the Left Shenxi Buzhengshi was located in Xi'an, and the Right Shenxi Buzhengshi was located in Longxi. In 1665, the position of the Ningxia Xunfu was abolished. From 1666, both the Right Shenxi Buzhengshi and the Gansu Xunfu settled in Lanzhou. In 1667, the position of the Right Shenxi Buzhengshi was renamed the Gansu Buzhengshi. Buzhengshi became lower in rank than xunfu, and therefore, in relation to the era of the Qing Empire, it is the term xunfu that is usually translated as "governor".

In 1754, the headquarters of the Shen Gan governor (陕甘总督) was transferred from Xi'an to Suzhou. In 1759, the office of Shen Gan Governor was renamed Chuan Xia Governor (川陕总督), and the position of Gansu Xunfu was renamed Gansu Governor (甘肃总督). The following year, however, the office of Chuanxia governor was renamed back to Shengang governor, and in 1764 the position of Gansu xunfu was abolished;  the Shengan viceroy, who moved to Lanzhou, began, in addition to the military, to deal with all civil affairs.

In the 1860s, Shaanxi and Gansu were shaken by the Dungan uprising.

Xinjiang Province was formed in 1884, and the Shengan viceroy has since been in charge of the affairs of Shaanxi, Gansu, and Xinjiang.

Newest time
After the Xinhai Revolution in China, the structure of the administrative division was reformed. Since 1913, councils, regions and commissariats were abolished, and only provinces, regions and counties remained;  Gansu province was divided into 7 regions.

On December 16, 1920, there was a terrible earthquake in Gansu.

During the militaristic civil strife of the 1920s, Gansu province was captured by the troops of General Feng Yuxiang in August 1925.

After the Kuomintang succeeded in uniting the country in 1928 as a result of the Northern Expedition, the new government abolished the regions, and the counties became directly subordinate to the provincial governments. At the same time, two new provinces were allocated from the Gansu province: 7 counties that were part of the abolished Xining region became Qinghai province in 1929, and Ningxia province was created from 8 counties of the abolished Ningxia region and two regions subordinate to the military authorities. In the western part of the province, Ma Zhongying rebelled, proclaiming himself the chairman of the “Hexi Province” (河西省), but after he and his troops left for Xinjiang to help fellow Muslims, 11 counties returned under the rule of the Kuomintang provincial government. At the end of 1935, the northeastern part of Gansu Province was taken under control by the Chinese Communists, who formed the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Soviet Region at the junction of the three provinces.

At the final stage of the civil war, Lanzhou was taken by the troops of Peng Dehuai in August 1949. By the end of September, Chinese Communist troops occupied the entire territory of the province. In 1950, the People's Government of Gansu Province was formed.

In August 1954, Ningxia Province was annexed to Gansu Province. In March 1955, the Mongolian Autonomous Region (蒙古自治区), which became part of Gansu Province after the abolition of Ningxia Province, was renamed the Mongolian Autonomous Region (蒙古自治州), and in November - the Bainhoto-Mongolian Autonomous Region (巴音浩特蒙族自治州) . In February 1956, Aimak Bayan-Nur (巴彦淖尔盟) was formed, which included khoshuns Alashan, Edzin, Dengkou county and the city of Bayan-Khoto;  The aimag was transferred from Gansu Province to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

On October 25, 1958, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was separated from Gansu Province into a separate administrative unit at the provincial level.

During the years of the Cultural Revolution, a significant part of the lands of the Autonomous Region of Inner Mongolia was separated from it in favor of neighboring provinces;  in particular, in 1969 the Alashan-Yuqi and Edzin-Qi Khoshuns were again transferred to the Gansu Province. In 1979, these khoshuns were returned to Inner Mongolia.

Later Liang
Later Liang is father of Gansu. He also protected little Gansu from the Huns.

Trivia

 * 1) The name Fang means fragrant in Chinese.
 * 2) Surname Wang is derived from 王子 (Wáng zǐ) meaning "prince"